{"id":1751,"date":"2022-03-11T19:45:33","date_gmt":"2022-03-11T19:45:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lassonde.yorku.ca\/eecs\/?post_type=academics&#038;p=1751"},"modified":"2026-04-30T18:30:01","modified_gmt":"2026-04-30T18:30:01","slug":"cybersecurity-bsc-ba","status":"publish","type":"academics","link":"https:\/\/lassonde.yorku.ca\/eecs\/academics\/undergraduate\/future-students\/cybersecurity-bsc-ba\/","title":{"rendered":"Cybersecurity (BSc, BA)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"container\">( <em>Previously named Computer Security<\/em> )<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cgb-text-with-video-modal-block\">\n    <div class=\"row text-with-video-row \">\n        <div class=\"column-small-12 column-medium-6 column-large-5 text-with-video-content-wrapper\">\n            \n                            <p>Learn about protecting the largest of databases to the smallest of IoT devices. The highly trained professionals who maintain and defend our security are in high demand from both government and the private sector.<\/p>\n<p>Cybersecurity is the specialized part of computer science that studies threats to computer systems and networks. It is the science and practice of how to mitigate them. In our Cybersecurity program, you will build a solid background in computer science and math. You will study a variety of courses, including cryptography and operating systems. You will become an expert on all those topics.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>We offer both BA and BSc degrees, which share the same computer science and math requirements. In the BA, you can complement your studies with courses from the Liberal Arts such as humanities, social sciences, history, philosophy and more \u2013 fields that help you understand human social and creative endeavours and the potential impact of computing. In the BSc, complementary courses will be in the sciences (e.g., biology, chemistry, physics).<\/p>\n<p>Every part of modern life, whether it\u2019s our financial systems, transportation, power supplies or distribution networks, depends on safe, protected IT systems. You\u2019ll be prepared to protect these infrastructures with a Cybersecurity degree from Lassonde.\u00a0<\/p>\n            \n                    <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"column-small-12 column-medium-6 column-large-offset-1 relative\">\n            <div class=\"text-with-video-image-wrapper\">\n                <div class=\"relative\">\n                                            <img decoding=\"async\" style=\"background: center \/ cover url('https:\/\/lassonde.yorku.ca\/eecs\/wp-content\/uploads\/pexels-vlada-karpovich-4050315-150x150.jpg') no-repeat\"\n                             src=\"https:\/\/lassonde.yorku.ca\/eecs\/wp-content\/uploads\/pexels-vlada-karpovich-4050315-1920x1280.jpg\"\n                             alt=\"\"\n                             class=\"text-with-video-image\"\n                             loading=\"lazy\"\n                             width=\"975\"\n                             height=\"1060\">\n                    \n                                    <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n            <span class=\"icon-Collab_sr text-with-video-icon\"><\/span>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cgb-accordion-block\">\n    <div class=\"accordion js-accordion\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-cgb-accordion-item-block accordion-item js-accordion-item accordion-itemu002du002dsmall accordion-item--small\">        <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-title js-accordion-title\">Program Requirements<\/button>\n\n        <div class=\"accordion-body js-accordion-body\">\n            A minimum of 30 course credits and at least half (50 percent) of the course credits required in each undergraduate degree program major\/minor must be taken at York University.<br><br>For requirements by degree, visit <a href=\"https:\/\/calendars.students.yorku.ca\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">York&#8217;s academic calendar.<\/a><br>        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cgb-accordion-item-block accordion-item js-accordion-item accordion-item--small\">        <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-title js-accordion-title\">Degree Checklists<\/button>\n\n        <div class=\"accordion-body js-accordion-body\">\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/lassonde.yorku.ca\/student-life\/academic-support\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Degree Checklists<\/a>\u00a0are a complete listing of all program-specific courses required for successful graduation.        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cgb-accordion-item-block accordion-item js-accordion-item accordion-item--small\">        <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-title js-accordion-title\">Skills you'll gain<\/button>\n\n        <div class=\"accordion-body js-accordion-body\">\n            \u2022 Advanced knowledge of C and Java \u2013 used for projects involving software applications, server-side services, and mobile app development<br><br>\u2022 Software design models including design pattern and development<br><br>\u2022 Various networking and security tools<br><br>\u2022 Other languages include: C++, Eiffel, Unix Shell, SQL\/mySQL database, PHP, Python        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cgb-accordion-item-block accordion-item js-accordion-item accordion-item--small\">        <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-title js-accordion-title\">Co-op Employers<\/button>\n\n        <div class=\"accordion-body js-accordion-body\">\n            \u2022 Beyond Media<br><br>\u2022 CIBC<br><br>\u2022 Interac Corp<br><br>\u2022 University of Twente (Holland)        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n    <script>\n    require([\n        'kindling',\n        'kindling\/plugins\/accordion'\n    ], function (K) {\n        new K.Accordion($('.js-accordion'), {allowAllClosed: true, multiExpand: true});\n    });\n    <\/script>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sample Courses (BSc)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"margin-b-xs\"><strong><em>For information on course requirements for other streams, refer to degree checklists above)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center margin-b-xs has-text-color\" style=\"color:#993366\">First Year<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">Fall<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cgb-accordion-block\">\n    <div class=\"accordion js-accordion\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-cgb-accordion-item-block accordion-item js-accordion-item accordion-item--small\">        <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-title js-accordion-title\">Research Directions in Computing<\/button>\n\n        <div class=\"accordion-body js-accordion-body\">\n            <strong>EECS 1001, 3 Credits<br><\/strong><br>An introduction to research directions within the department and more broadly within the field. Students will attend lectures and other events organized by the department. Note: This course is expected to be completed in the first-year of study.        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cgb-accordion-item-block accordion-item js-accordion-item accordion-item--small\">        <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-title js-accordion-title\">Introduction to Computing: A Net-centric Approach<\/button>\n\n        <div class=\"accordion-body js-accordion-body\">\n            <strong>EECS 1012, 3 Credits<br><\/strong><br>The objectives of 1012 are threefold: providing a first exposure to event-driven programming, teaching students a set of computing skills (including reasoning about algorithms, tracing programs, test-driven development, unit testing), and providing an introduction to computing within a mobile, net-centric context. It uses a problem-based approach to expose the underlying concepts and an experiential laboratory to implement them. A mature mobile software infrastructure (such as HTML, CSS, and JavaScript) is used so that students can pick up key programming concepts (such as variables and control flow) within a client-server context without being bogged down in complex or abstract constructs. Laboratory exercises expose students to a range of real-world problems with a view of motivating computational thinking and grounding the material covered in lecture. Prerequisites: One of (1)-(3) below must be met: (1) (New high school curriculum): One 4U Math course with a grade of at least 75%. (2) Completion of six credits from York University MATH courses (not including courses with second digit 5) with a GPA of 5.00 or better over these credits; (3) Completion of six credits from York University mathematics courses whose second digit is 5, with an average grade not below 7.00 (B+). Course credit exclusions: AP\/ITEC 3020 3.00, SC\/CSE 2041 4.00 (prior to Summer 2013) Previously offered as: LE\/CSE 2041 4.00, LE\/EECS 2041 4.00.        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cgb-accordion-item-block accordion-item js-accordion-item accordion-item--small\">        <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-title js-accordion-title\">Discrete Mathematics for Computer Science<\/button>\n\n        <div class=\"accordion-body js-accordion-body\">\n            <strong>EECS 1019, 3 Credits<\/strong><br><br>Introduction to abstraction. Use and development of precise formulations of mathematical ideas. An informal introduction to logic; introduction to na\u00efve set theory; induction; relations and functions; big O-notation; recursive definitions, recurrence relations and their solutions; graphs and trees. Prerequisites: SC\/MATH 1190 3.00, or two 4U Math courses, including MHF4U (Advanced Function). Course credit exclusions: LE\/EECS 1028 3.00, SC\/MATH 1028 3.00, SC\/MATH 2320 3.00.        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n    <script>\n    require([\n        'kindling',\n        'kindling\/plugins\/accordion'\n    ], function (K) {\n        new K.Accordion($('.js-accordion'), {allowAllClosed: true, multiExpand: true});\n    });\n    <\/script>\n\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">Winter<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cgb-accordion-block\">\n    <div class=\"accordion js-accordion\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-cgb-accordion-item-block accordion-item js-accordion-item accordion-item--small\">        <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-title js-accordion-title\">Programming for Mobile Computing<\/button>\n\n        <div class=\"accordion-body js-accordion-body\">\n            <strong>EECS 1022, 3 Credits<\/strong><br><br>Provides a first exposure to object-oriented programming and enhances student understanding of key computing skills such as reasoning about algorithms, designing user interfaces, and working with software tools. It uses a problem-based approach to expose the underlying concepts and an experiential laboratory to implement them. A mature mobile software infrastructure (such as Java and the Android programming environment) is used to expose and provide context to the underlying ideas. Laboratory exercises expose students to a range of real-world problems with a view of motivating computational thinking and grounding the material covered in lectures. Prerequisite: LE\/EECS 1012 3.00 or LE\/EECS 1015 3.00. Course credit exclusions: LE\/EECS 1021 3.00, LE\/EECS 1020 3.00 (prior to Fall 2014), LE\/CSE 1020 3.00 (prior to Fall 2014), SC\/CSE 1020 3.00 (prior to Summer 2013), AP\/ITEC 1620 3.00.        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cgb-accordion-item-block accordion-item js-accordion-item accordion-item--small\">        <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-title js-accordion-title\">Differential Calculus with Applications<\/button>\n\n        <div class=\"accordion-body js-accordion-body\">\n            <strong>MATH 1300, 3 Credits<\/strong><br><br>Limits, derivatives with applications, antiderivatives, fundamental theorem of calculus, beginnings of integral calculus. Prerequisite: SC\/MATH 1520 3.00 or SC\/MATH 1710 6.00, or 12U Calculus and Vectors (MCV4U) or equivalent. Course credit exclusions: SC\/MATH 1013 3.00, SC\/MATH 1505 6.00, SC\/MATH 1530 3.00, SC\/MATH 1550 6.00, GL\/MATH\/MODR 1930 3.00, AP\/ECON 1530 3.00; SC\/ISCI 1401 3.00, SC\/ISCI 1410 6.00.        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cgb-accordion-item-block accordion-item js-accordion-item accordion-item--small\">        <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-title js-accordion-title\">Integral Calculus with Applications<\/button>\n\n        <div class=\"accordion-body js-accordion-body\">\n            <strong>MATH 1310, 3 Credits<\/strong><br><br>Transcendental functions, differential equations, techniques of integration, improper integrals, infinite series. Prerequisite(s): One of SC\/MATH 1013 3.00, SC\/MATH 1300 3.00, GL\/MATH 1901, SC\/ISCI 1401 3.00; for non-science students only, six credits from SC\/MATH 1530 3.00 and SC\/MATH 1540 3.00, SC\/MATH 1550 6.00, AP\/ECON 1530 3.00 and AP\/ECON 1540 3.00. Course credit exclusions: SC\/MATH 1014 3.00, SC\/MATH 1505 6.00, GL\/MATH\/MODR 1940 3.00, SC\/ISCI 1402 3.00, SC\/ISCI 1410 6.00.        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n    <script>\n    require([\n        'kindling',\n        'kindling\/plugins\/accordion'\n    ], function (K) {\n        new K.Accordion($('.js-accordion'), {allowAllClosed: true, multiExpand: true});\n    });\n    <\/script>\n\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color\" style=\"color:#993366\">Foundational science, 6 credits from:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">SC\/BIOL 1000 3.00, SC\/BIOL 1001 3.00 (or SC\/BIOL 1010 6.00), SC\/CHEM 1000<br>3.00, SC\/CHEM 1001 3.00, SC\/PHYS 1410 6.00 or<br>SC\/PHYS 1420 6.00 or SC\/PHYS 1010 6.00<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:170px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" id=\"second-year\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center margin-b-xs has-text-color\" style=\"color:#993366\">Second Year<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns margin-b-md is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">Fall<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cgb-accordion-block\">\n    <div class=\"accordion js-accordion\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-cgb-accordion-item-block accordion-item js-accordion-item accordion-item--small\">        <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-title js-accordion-title\">Introduction to the Theory of Computation<\/button>\n\n        <div class=\"accordion-body js-accordion-body\">\n            <strong>EECS 2001, 3 Credits<\/strong><br><br>Introduction to the theory of computing, including automata theory, formal languages and Turing machines; theoretical models and their applications in various fields of computer science. The emphasis is on practical applications of the theory and concepts rather than formal rigour. Prerequisites: cumulative GPA of 4.50 or better over all major EECS courses (without second digit &#8220;5&#8221;); LE\/EECS 1021 3.00 or LE\/EECS 1022 3.00 or LE\/EECS 1720 3.00 or LE\/EECS 1030 3.00; LE\/EECS 1028 3.00 or SC\/MATH 1028 3.00 or LE\/EECS 1019 3.00 or SC\/MATH 1019 3.00. Previously offered as: LE\/CSE 2001 3.00. PRIOR TO SUMMER 2013: SC\/CSE 2001 3.00.        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cgb-accordion-item-block accordion-item js-accordion-item accordion-item--small\">        <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-title js-accordion-title\">Advanced Object Oriented Programming<\/button>\n\n        <div class=\"accordion-body js-accordion-body\">\n            <strong>EECS 2030, 3 Credits<br><\/strong><br>This course continues the separation of concern theme introduced in LE\/EECS 1020 3.00 and LE\/EECS1021 3.00. While 1020 and 1021 focuses on the client concern, this course focuses on the concern of the implementer. Hence, rather than using an API (Application Programming Interface) to build an application, the student is asked to implement a given API. Topics include implementing classes (non-utilities, delegation within the class definition, documentation and API generation, implementing contracts), aggregations (implementing aggregates versus compositions and implementing collections), inheritance hierarchies (attribute visibility, overriding methods, abstract classes versus interfaces, inner classes); applications of aggregation and inheritance in concurrent programming and event-driven programming; recursion; searching and sorting including quick and merge sorts); stacks and queues; linked lists; binary trees. Prerequisites: cumulative GPA of 4.50 or better over all major EECS courses (without second digit &#8220;5&#8221;); LE\/EECS1021 3.00 or LE\/EECS 1020 (prior to Fall 2015) 3.00 or LE\/EECS1022 3.00 or LE\/EECS 1720 3.00. Course credit exclusions: AP\/ITEC 2620 3.00. Previously offered as: LE\/EECS1030 3.00, LE\/CSE 1030 3.00.<br>        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cgb-accordion-item-block accordion-item js-accordion-item accordion-item--small\">        <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-title js-accordion-title\">Fundamentals of Data Structures<\/button>\n\n        <div class=\"accordion-body js-accordion-body\">\n            <strong>EECS 2011, 3 Credits<br><\/strong><br>A study of fundamental data structures and their use in the efficient implementation of algorithms. Topics include abstract data types, lists, stacks, queues, trees and graphs. Prerequisites: cumulative GPA of 4.50 or better over all major EECS courses (without second digit &#8220;5&#8221;), LE\/EECS 1030 3.00 or LE\/EECS 2030 3.00, LE\/EECS 1028 3.00 OR SC\/MATH 1028 3.00 or LE\/EECS 1019 3.00 or SC\/MATH 1019 3.00. Previously offered as: LE\/CSE 2011 3.00. The course discusses the fundamental data structures commonly used in the design of algorithms. Abstract operations on data structures are specified using pre and post conditions and\/or system invariants. Trade-offs between a number of different implementations of each abstract data types (ADT) are analyzed. Each algorithm operating on data structures is proved correct using loop invariants or induction. Both formal and informal proofs are introduced though most of the reasoning is done informally. Data structures are coded and unit tested in an object-oriented language. Selecting the appropriate ADT and a suitable implementation depending on the application is covered. Prerequisites: EECS1019 or EECS1028, EECS1030 or 2030, MATHS1090        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cgb-accordion-item-block accordion-item js-accordion-item accordion-item--small\">        <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-title js-accordion-title\">Computer Organization<\/button>\n\n        <div class=\"accordion-body js-accordion-body\">\n            <strong>EECS 2021, 4 Credits<br><\/strong><br>Introduction to computer organization and instruction set architecture, covering assembly language, machine language and encoding, addressing modes, single\/multicycle datapaths (including functional units and controls), pipelining, memory segments and memory hierarchy. Prerequisites: cumulative GPA of 4.50 or better over all major EECS courses (without second digit &#8220;5&#8221;); LE\/EECS 1021 3.00 or LE\/EECS 1022 3.00 or LE\/EECS 1720 3.00 or LE\/EECS 1030 3.00. Previously offered as: LE\/CSE 2021 4.00, SC\/CSE 2021 4.00.        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cgb-accordion-item-block accordion-item js-accordion-item accordion-item--small\">        <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-title js-accordion-title\">Introduction to Logic for Computer Science<\/button>\n\n        <div class=\"accordion-body js-accordion-body\">\n            <strong>MATH 1090, 3 Credits<\/strong><br><br>The syntax and semantics of propositional and predicate logic. Applications to program specification and verification. Optional topics include set theory and induction using the formal logical language of the first part of the course. Prerequisite: SC\/MATH 1190 3.00 or SC\/MATH 1019 3.00. Course credit exclusion: SC\/MATH 4290 3.00.        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n    <script>\n    require([\n        'kindling',\n        'kindling\/plugins\/accordion'\n    ], function (K) {\n        new K.Accordion($('.js-accordion'), {allowAllClosed: true, multiExpand: true});\n    });\n    <\/script>\n\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">Winter<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cgb-accordion-block\">\n    <div class=\"accordion js-accordion\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-cgb-accordion-item-block accordion-item js-accordion-item accordion-item--small\">        <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-title js-accordion-title\">Software Tools<\/button>\n\n        <div class=\"accordion-body js-accordion-body\">\n            <strong>EECS 2031, 3 Credits<\/strong><br><br>Tools commonly used in the software development process: the C language; shell programming; filters and pipes; version control systems and &#8220;make&#8221;; debugging and testing. Prerequisites: Cumulative GPA of 4.50 or better over all major EECS courses (without second digit &#8220;5&#8221;); one of LE\/EECS 1021 3.00 or LE\/EECS 1022 3.00 or LE\/EECS 1030 3.00 or LE\/EECS 1720 3.00        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cgb-accordion-item-block accordion-item js-accordion-item accordion-item--small\">        <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-title js-accordion-title\">Introduction to Database Systems<\/button>\n\n        <div class=\"accordion-body js-accordion-body\">\n            <strong>EECS 3421, 3 Credits<\/strong><br><br>Concepts, approaches and techniques in database management systems (DBMS). Logical model of relational databases. An introduction to relational database design. Other topics such as query languages, crash recovery and concurrency control. Prerequisites: cumulative GPA of 4.50 or better over all major EECS courses (without second digit &#8220;5&#8221;); LE\/EECS 2030 3.00 or LE\/EECS 1030 3.00; Course credit exclusions: AP\/ITEC 3220 3.00. Previously offered as: LE\/CSE 3421 3.00. PRIOR TO SUMMER 2013: SC\/CSE 3421 3.00.        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cgb-accordion-item-block accordion-item js-accordion-item accordion-item--small\">        <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-title js-accordion-title\">Introduction to Logic for Computer Science<\/button>\n\n        <div class=\"accordion-body js-accordion-body\">\n            <strong>MATH 1090, 3 Credits<\/strong><br><br>The syntax and semantics of propositional and predicate logic. Applications to program specification and verification. Optional topics include set theory and induction using the formal logical language of the first part of the course. Prerequisite: SC\/MATH 1190 3.00 or SC\/MATH 1019 3.00. Course credit exclusion: SC\/MATH 4290 3.00.        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cgb-accordion-item-block accordion-item js-accordion-item accordion-item--small\">        <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-title js-accordion-title\">Elementary Probability<\/button>\n\n        <div class=\"accordion-body js-accordion-body\">\n            <strong>MATH 2030, 3 Credits<\/strong><br><br>Introduction to the theory of probability as preparation for further study in either mathematical or applied probability and statistics. Topics include probability spaces, conditional probability, independence, random variables, distribution functions, expectation, Chebyshev&#8217;s inequality, common distributions, moment-generating functions and limit theorems. Prerequisite: One of SC\/MATH 1014 3.00, SC\/MATH 1310 3.00, SC\/ISCI 1402 3.00, SC\/ISCI 1410 6.00.        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n    <script>\n    require([\n        'kindling',\n        'kindling\/plugins\/accordion'\n    ], function (K) {\n        new K.Accordion($('.js-accordion'), {allowAllClosed: true, multiExpand: true});\n    });\n    <\/script>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center margin-t-sm has-text-color\" style=\"color:#993366\">One of the following<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cgb-accordion-block\">\n    <div class=\"accordion js-accordion\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-cgb-accordion-item-block accordion-item js-accordion-item accordion-item--small\">        <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-title js-accordion-title\">Introduction to Applied Ethics<\/button>\n\n        <div class=\"accordion-body js-accordion-body\">\n            <strong>PHIL 2075, 3 Credits<br><\/strong><br>An introduction to ethics focusing on the application of ethical theories to controversial public issues such as abortion, affirmative action and euthanasia, among others. Course credit exclusion: GL\/PHIL 2615 3.00.        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cgb-accordion-item-block accordion-item js-accordion-item accordion-item--small\">        <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-title js-accordion-title\">The Global Information Society<\/button>\n\n        <div class=\"accordion-body js-accordion-body\">\n            <strong>ENVS 2150 3.00<\/strong><br><br>Examines current national information societies and their possible transformation into a global information society by analyzing the interplay between the causes for the globalization of information and communication technologies, as well as the societal impact of these technologies.        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n    <script>\n    require([\n        'kindling',\n        'kindling\/plugins\/accordion'\n    ], function (K) {\n        new K.Accordion($('.js-accordion'), {allowAllClosed: true, multiExpand: true});\n    });\n    <\/script>\n\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color\" style=\"color:#993366\">Non-Science\/Electives<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:170px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" id=\"third-year\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center margin-b-xs has-text-color\" style=\"color:#993366\">Third Year<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">Fall<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cgb-accordion-block\">\n    <div class=\"accordion js-accordion\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-cgb-accordion-item-block accordion-item js-accordion-item accordion-item--small\">        <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-title js-accordion-title\">Professional Practice in Computing<\/button>\n\n        <div class=\"accordion-body js-accordion-body\">\n            <strong>EECS 3000, 3 Credits<\/strong><br><br>Professional, legal and ethical issues in the development, deployment and use of computer systems; their impact on society including privacy and security, computer crime, malware, and intellectual property; professional ethics and responsibilities; guest lecturers from industry, government and university. Prerequisites: cumulative GPA of 4.50 or better over all major EECS courses (without second digit &#8220;5&#8221;); LE\/EECS 2030 3.00 or LE\/EECS 1030 3.00. Course credit exclusions: LE\/ENG 4000 6.00, SC\/ENG 4000 6.00 (prior to Summer 2013).        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cgb-accordion-item-block accordion-item js-accordion-item accordion-item--small\">        <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-title js-accordion-title\">Design and Analysis of Algorithms<\/button>\n\n        <div class=\"accordion-body js-accordion-body\">\n            <strong>EECS 3101, 3 Credits<br><\/strong><br>Review of fundamental data structures. Analysis of algorithms: time and space complexity. Algorithm design paradigms: divide-and-conquer, exploring graphs, greedy methods, local search, dynamic programming, probabilistic algorithms, computational geometry. NP-complete problems. Prerequisites: cumulative GPA of 4.50 or better over all major EECS courses (without second digit &#8220;5&#8221;); LE\/EECS 2011 3.00; SC\/MATH 1090 3.00; SC\/MATH 1310 3.00. Course credit exclusion: LE\/SC CSE 3101 3.00.        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cgb-accordion-item-block accordion-item js-accordion-item accordion-item--small\">        <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-title js-accordion-title\">Communication Networks<\/button>\n\n        <div class=\"accordion-body js-accordion-body\">\n            <strong>EECS 3213, 3 Credits<\/strong><br><br>Introduces the basics of communications and networking. Topics include transmission media; fundamental limits; protocols and hierarchies; the OSI model; encoding of data as signals; error and flow control; medium access; routing; internetworking; transport services; high-level applications. Prerequisites: cumulative GPA of 4.50 or better over all major EECS courses (without second digit &#8220;5&#8221;); LE\/EECS 2030 3.00 or LE\/EECS 1030 3.00; SC\/MATH 1310 3.00. Previously offered as LE\/CSE 3213 3.00. PRIOR TO SUMMER 2013: SC\/CSE 3213 3.00.        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cgb-accordion-item-block accordion-item js-accordion-item accordion-item--small\">        <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-title js-accordion-title\">Computer Network Protocols and Applications<\/button>\n\n        <div class=\"accordion-body js-accordion-body\">\n            <strong>EECS 3214, 3 Credits<\/strong><br><br>This course focuses on the higher-level network protocols, security issues, network programming, and applications. Prerequisites: cumulative GPA of 4.50 or better over all major EECS courses (without second digit &#8220;5&#8221;); LE\/EECS 2030 3.00 or LE\/EECS 1030 3.00; NCR: This course is not open for credit to students who passed LE\/EECS 4213 3.00, LE\/CSE 4213 3.00, SC\/CSE 4213 3.00, LE\/CSE 4213 3.00, SC\/CSE 4213 3.00.        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n    <script>\n    require([\n        'kindling',\n        'kindling\/plugins\/accordion'\n    ], function (K) {\n        new K.Accordion($('.js-accordion'), {allowAllClosed: true, multiExpand: true});\n    });\n    <\/script>\n\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">Winter<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cgb-accordion-block\">\n    <div class=\"accordion js-accordion\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-cgb-accordion-item-block accordion-item js-accordion-item accordion-item--small\">        <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-title js-accordion-title\">Operating System Fundamentals<\/button>\n\n        <div class=\"accordion-body js-accordion-body\">\n            <strong>EECS 3221, 3 Credits<\/strong><br><br>Principles of operating systems. Concurrent processes, CPU scheduling, deadlocks, memory management, file systems, protection and security, and case studies. Prerequisites: cumulative GPA of 4.50 or better over all major EECS courses (without second digit &#8220;5&#8221;); LE\/EECS 2030 3.00 or LE\/EECS 1030 3.00; LE\/EECS 2021 4.00 and LE\/EECS 2031 3.00 or LE\/EECS 2032 4.00. Course Credit Exclusion: LE\/CSE 3221 3.00        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cgb-accordion-item-block accordion-item js-accordion-item accordion-item--small\">        <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-title js-accordion-title\">Software Design<\/button>\n\n        <div class=\"accordion-body js-accordion-body\">\n            <strong>EECS 3311, 3 Credits<br><\/strong><br>A study of design methods and their use in the correct implementation, maintenance and evolution of software systems. Topics include design, implementation, testing, documentation needs and standards, support tools. Students design and implement components of a software system. Prerequisites: cumulative GPA of 4.50 or better over all major EECS courses (without second digit &#8220;5&#8221;); LE\/EECS 2030 3.00 or LE\/EECS 1030 3.00; LE\/EECS 2011 3.00; SC\/MATH 1090 3.00; LE\/EECS 2031 3.00 or LE\/EECS 2032 4.00. Course Credit Exclusions: LE\/CSE 3311 3.00        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cgb-accordion-item-block accordion-item js-accordion-item accordion-item--small\">        <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-title js-accordion-title\">Applied Cryptography<\/button>\n\n        <div class=\"accordion-body js-accordion-body\">\n            <strong>EECS 3481, 3 Credits<\/strong><br><br>An overview of cryptographic algorithms and the main cryptosystems in use today, emphasizing the application of cryptographic algorithms to designing secure protocols. Prerequisites: cumulative GPA of 4.50 or better over all major EECS courses (without second digit &#8220;5&#8221;); LE\/EECS 2011 3.00.        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cgb-accordion-item-block accordion-item js-accordion-item accordion-item--small\">        <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-title js-accordion-title\">Introduction to Cybersecurity<\/button>\n\n        <div class=\"accordion-body js-accordion-body\">\n            <strong>EECS 3482, 3 Credits<br><\/strong><br>Introduces fundamental cybersecurity concepts. Topics include security goals and terminology, an overview of the various security domains, an introduction to cryptography, security policies, risk management and auditing. Laboratory exercises emphasize these topics in a practical manner. Prerequisites: Any 12 university credits at the 2000-level in any discipline.        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n    <script>\n    require([\n        'kindling',\n        'kindling\/plugins\/accordion'\n    ], function (K) {\n        new K.Accordion($('.js-accordion'), {allowAllClosed: true, multiExpand: true});\n    });\n    <\/script>\n\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color\" style=\"color:#993366\">Non-Science\/Electives<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:66px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color\" style=\"color:#993366\">At least 6 additional credits from<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">SC\/BIOL 1000 3.00, SC\/BIOL 1001 3.00, SC\/CHEM 1001 3.00, SC\/CHEM<br>2011 3.00, LE\/ESSE 1011 3.00, LE\/ESSE 1012 3.00, SC\/PHYS 1070 3.00<br>[alternatively SC\/PHYS 1470 3.00], SC\/PHYS 2010 3.00, SC\/PHYS 2040<br>3.00, SC\/PHYS 2060 3.00, HH\/IHST 1001 3.00; HH\/IHST 1002 3.00<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" id=\"fourth-year\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center margin-b-xs has-text-color\" style=\"color:#993366\">Fourth Year<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">Fall<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cgb-accordion-block\">\n    <div class=\"accordion js-accordion\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-cgb-accordion-item-block accordion-item js-accordion-item accordion-item--small\">        <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-title js-accordion-title\">Building E-Commerce Systems<\/button>\n\n        <div class=\"accordion-body js-accordion-body\">\n            <strong>ENG 4413, 3 Credits<\/strong><br><br>A study of the technical infrastructure that underlies Electronic Commerce on the Internet. The foundational concepts are presented through a series of projects that use an industrial-strength framework on the server-side, standard-compliant technologies on the client-side, and a variety of messaging protocols on the network side. Best practices, security concerns, and performance issues are emphasized throughout. Prerequisite: Cumulative GPA of 4.50 or better over all major EECS courses (without second digit &#8220;5&#8221;); LE\/EECS 2030 3.00 or LE\/EECS 1030 3.00. Previously offered as: LE\/CSE 4413 3.00.        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cgb-accordion-item-block accordion-item js-accordion-item accordion-item--small\">        <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-title js-accordion-title\">Cyber Security Management: Assessment and Forensics<\/button>\n\n        <div class=\"accordion-body js-accordion-body\">\n            <strong>EECS 4482, 3 Credits<\/strong>        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n    <script>\n    require([\n        'kindling',\n        'kindling\/plugins\/accordion'\n    ], function (K) {\n        new K.Accordion($('.js-accordion'), {allowAllClosed: true, multiExpand: true});\n    });\n    <\/script>\n\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">Winter<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cgb-accordion-block\">\n    <div class=\"accordion js-accordion\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-cgb-accordion-item-block accordion-item js-accordion-item accordion-item--small\">        <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-title js-accordion-title\">Cyber Security Project<\/button>\n\n        <div class=\"accordion-body js-accordion-body\">\n            <strong>EECS 4480, 3 Credits<\/strong><br><br>This is a capstone project course for cyber security students. The students engage in a significant research and\/or development project that has major cyber security considerations. Prerequisites: Restricted to students in the Cyber Security degree. Students must have passed 40 EECS or CSE credits. Permission of the Instructor is needed. Course credit exclusions: LE\/EECS 4080 3.00; LE\/EECS 4081 6.00; LE\/EECS 4082 6.00; LE\/EECS 4084 6.00; LE\/EECS 4088 6.00; LE\/EECS 4700 6.00. PRIOR TO FALL 2014: course credit exclusions: LE\/CSE 4080 3.00, LE\/CSE 4081 6.00, LE\/CSE 4084 6.00, LE\/CSE 4088 6.00, LE\/CSE 4700 6.00, LE\/CSE 4082 6.00. PRIOR TO SUMMER 2013: course credit exclusions: SC\/CSE 4080 3.00, SC\/CSE 4081 6.00, SC\/CSE 4084 6.00, SC\/CSE 4088 6.00, SC\/CSE 4700 6.00, SC\/CSE 4082 6.00.        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cgb-accordion-item-block accordion-item js-accordion-item accordion-item--small\">        <button type=\"button\" class=\"accordion-title js-accordion-title\">Cybersecurity Laboratory<\/button>\n\n        <div class=\"accordion-body js-accordion-body\">\n            <strong>EECS 4481, 3 Credits<\/strong><br><br>Provides a thorough understanding of the technical aspects of cybersecurity. It covers network, operating systems, and application software security. Computer laboratory projects provide exposure to various tools in a hands-on setting. Prerequisites: Cumulative GPA of 4.50 or better over all major EECS courses (without second digit &#8220;5&#8221;); LE\/EECS 2030 3.00 or LE\/EECS 1030 3.00; LE\/EECS 3214 3.00. Note: Students with background equivalent to the stated prerequisites are encouraged to seek permission to enrol.        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n    <script>\n    require([\n        'kindling',\n        'kindling\/plugins\/accordion'\n    ], function (K) {\n        new K.Accordion($('.js-accordion'), {allowAllClosed: true, multiExpand: true});\n    });\n    <\/script>\n\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:66px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color\" style=\"color:#993366\">Additional elective credits, as required for an overall total of at least 120 credits,<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">of which at least 30 must be outside computer science, mathematics, statistics, and information technology. 18 of these 30 are satisfied by the General Education requirement.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>( Previously named Computer Security ) Sample Courses (BSc) For information on course requirements for other streams, refer to degree checklists above) First Year Fall Winter Foundational science, 6 credits from: SC\/BIOL 1000 3.00, SC\/BIOL 1001 3.00 (or SC\/BIOL 1010 6.00), SC\/CHEM 10003.00, SC\/CHEM 1001 3.00, SC\/PHYS 1410 6.00 orSC\/PHYS 1420 6.00 or SC\/PHYS 1010&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":90,"featured_media":10000022908,"parent":602,"menu_order":0,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_relevanssi_hide_post":"","_relevanssi_hide_content":"","_relevanssi_pin_for_all":"","_relevanssi_pin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_unpin_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_keywords":"","_relevanssi_related_include_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_exclude_ids":"","_relevanssi_related_no_append":"","_relevanssi_related_not_related":"","_relevanssi_related_posts":"692","_relevanssi_noindex_reason":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1751","academics","type-academics","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - 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